master-degree-notes/HCIW/notes/2 - Interface and Interaction for IoT.md

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#### **1. New Interfaces**
- Traditional point-and-click or touchscreens are less common in IoT due to:
- Cost
- Space limitations
- Context-specific constraints
#### **2. Physical Controls**
- Examples: buttons, switches, sliders, rotary knobs.
- Serve both as input and state indicators.
- **Advantages**:
- Fast, direct control.
- Good for precise adjustments.
- Accessibility for visually impaired users.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Not ideal for frequently updated software.
- Limited flexibility when multiple control points exist.
#### **3. Lights (LEDs, etc.)**
- Used for:
- Color coding
- Blink patterns
- Quick notifications
- **Advantages**:
- Non-intrusive, quick-to-understand feedback.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Inefficient for complex information.
#### **4. Displays and Screens**
- Types: segment displays, monochrome, color screens, E-ink.
- **Advantages**:
- Dynamic labels.
- Support for software updates.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Increased cost.
- Feature creep (does it work without a display?).
- Can complicate UX.
#### **5. Audio Output**
- Includes sounds and text-to-speech.
- **Advantages**:
- Effective for urgent alerts.
- Can convey emotions.
- No need for visual attention.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Can be annoying or disruptive.
- Unsuitable for silent environments.
#### **6. Voice Input**
- Still unreliable, better for command lists than free speech.
- **Advantages**:
- Hands-free interaction.
- Works well with good connectivity and low noise.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Struggles with complex or multilingual commands.
- High implementation cost.
#### **7. Tangible and Tactile Interaction**
- Uses physical objects for control (e.g., force touch, vibrations).
- **Advantages**:
- Intuitive and easy to learn.
- Provides ambient feedback.
- Good for educational products.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Parts may get lost.
- Requires learning time.
- Reliability concerns.
#### **8. Gestural Input**
- Includes swipes, pinches, mid-air gestures.
- **Advantages**:
- Suitable for video games, wearables, short interactions.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Not good for precise or prolonged interaction.
- Risk of false positives.
#### **9. Context-Sensitive Interaction**
- Device responds to presence in a specific location.
- **Advantages**:
- Reduces user effort in managing complexity.
- Effective when context directly relates to device features.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Can feel restrictive if the system makes decisions for the user.
#### **10. Computer Vision and Barcodes**
- Includes facial recognition, biometrics, QR codes, OCR.
- **Advantages**:
- Automates complex manual input.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Can introduce unnecessary complexity if simpler alternatives exist.